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Marcus POWER, p. 261-278
Le
cin�ma post-colonial et la reconfiguration de la mozambicanit�
Le cin�ma a �t� t�moin (et protagoniste) de quelques p�riodes parmi les plus
importantes de l’histoire mozambicaine r�cente, depuis les conflits et les
r�volutions jusqu’aux mouvements id�ologiques et d�mographiques et jusqu’aux
sch�mas subtilement changeants de la vie de tous les jours. Comment se produisit
l’�mergence en Mozambique du cin�ma colonial, anti-colonial et post-colonial ?
Quels furent les multiples et complexes moments et espaces qui font partie de
l’histoire de la repr�sentation cin�mato�graphique mozambicaine ? Durant la
p�riode coloniale en Mozambique, les Portugais ignoraient largement la population
indig�ne qui apparaissait rarement dans des films coloniaux, sauf dans des r�les de �
terroristes �, de sujets ethnographiques mythologis�s ou comme recevant passivement
l’aide du d�veloppement colonial. Une gamme de subjectivit�s � post-coloniales �
mozambicaines s’est construite � travers les films, aussi l’analyse historique
du cin�ma en Mozambique peut-elle soulever des questions importantes au sujet de la
construction des subjectivit�s mozambicaines et au sujet des significations culturelles
de la mo�ambicanidade. Les g�ographies audiovisuelles dans le Mozambique contemporain
sont devenues de plus en plus d�tach�es des espaces symboliques de la culture nationale,
au fur et � mesure que les processus de formation de l’identit� nationale sont
devenus de plus en plus transnationaux.
Cinema p�s-colonial e a reconfigura��o da Mo�ambicanidade
O cinema tem testemunhado alguns dos mais importantes per�odos da hist�ria recente de
Mo�ambique e nela participado, desde conflitos e revolu��es at� mudan�as ideol�gicas
e demogr�ficas e �s subtis mudan�as da vida do dia-a-dia. Este artigo lan�a um olhar
sobre a emerg�ncia do cinema colonial, anti-colonial e p�s-colonial em Mo�ambique e
sobre os m�ltiplos e complexos tempos e espa�os contidos na hist�ria da representa��o
cinem�tica de Mo�ambique. Durante o per�odo colonial em Mo�ambique, os portugueses
ignoraram largamento a popula��o ind�gena, que raramente aparecia em filmes coloniais,
excepto como � terroristas �, como objectos etnogr�ficos tornados mitol�gicos, ou como
os destinat�rios passivos de ajuda ao desenvolvimento colonial.
Um conjunto de subjectividades mo�ambicanas � p�s-coloniais � foi constru�do atrav�s
do filme e a an�lise hist�rica do cinema em Mo�ambique pode fazer surgir perguntas
importantes sobre a constru��o de subjectividades mo�ambicanas e sobre os significados
culturais da Mo�ambicanidade. Geografias audiovisuais no Mo�ambique de hoje t�m-se
afastado cada vez mais dos espa�os simb�licos da cultura nacional, assim como o processo
de forma��o da identidade nacional se tornou cada vez mais transnacional.
Post-colonial Cinema and the Reconfiguration of Mo�ambicanidade
Cinema has been witness to (and participant in) some of the most important periods of
recent Mozambican history, from conflicts and revolutions to ideological and demographic
shifts and to the subtly changing patterns of everyday life. This paper looks at the
colonial, anti-colonial and post-colonial emergence of cinema in Mozambique and at the
multiple and complex times and spaces that are contained within the history of Mozambican
cinematic representation. During the colonial period in Mozambique the Portuguese largely
ignored the indigenous population who rarely appeared in colonial films except as �
terrorists �, as mythologised ethnographic subjects or as the passive recipients of
colonial development aid. A range of � post-colonial � Mozambican subjectivities were
constructed through film and so the historical analysis of cinema in Mozambique can raise
important questions about the construction of Mozambican subjectivities and about the
cultural meanings of Mo�ambicanidade. Audiovisual geographies in contemporary Mozambique
have become increasingly detached from the symbolic spaces of national culture as the
processes of national identity formation have become ever more transnational. |