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M�rio RIBEIRO & Sofia MARQUES,
p. 131-143
Une interpr�tation des ONG
portugaises au d�but du XXIe si�cle : trajectoire et dynamiques
Apparues apr�s la d�mocratisation qui a suivi le mouvement r�volutionnaire d’avril
1974, les ONG portugaises ont connu en 1986 une impulsion d�cisive avec l’adh�sion
du Portugal � la CEE. Celles-ci, aux valeurs et aux origines diff�rentes, concentrent
une grande partie de leur action dans les anciennes colonies portugaises.
De faible visibilit� dans le public, mais peu � peu reconnues par l’�tat, les ONG
portugaises sont actuellement confront�es � des difficult�s pour s’affirmer dans
le contexte national, mobiliser des fonds et intervenir sur le terrain. Une telle
situation est paradoxale si l’on tient compte de la priorit� strat�gique avanc�e
par le discours politique : la construction de la Communaut� des Pays de Langue
portugaise. En interrogeant les relations entre l’�tat et la soci�t� civile au
Portugal, ce texte souhaite esquisser quelques pistes pour comprendre les particularit�s
des acteurs de la coop�ration non gouvernementale, � la lumi�re d’une analyse qui
porte tant sur l’�tat que sur la soci�t� civile et son capital social, ainsi que
sur le cadre de valeurs et de comportements de la population portugaise.
Uma leitura das ONGD portuguesas no in�cio do s�culo XXI : traject�ria e
din�micas
Surgidas ap�s o processo de democratiza��o subsequente ao movimento revolucion�rio de
Abril de 1974, as ONGD portuguesas conheceram, em 1986, um impulso decisivo com a ades�o
de Portugal � ent�o Comunidade Econ�mica Europeia. Diversificadas no que diz respeito
aos valores e �s suas origens, elas concentram grande parte da sua actua��o nas
ex-col�nias portuguesas.
Tendo uma fraca visibilidade junto da opini�o p�blica e um reconhecimento estatal que
tem vindo progressivamente a aumentar, as ONGD portuguesas s�o actualmente, confrontadas
com dificuldades ao n�vel da afirma��o no contexto nacional, da mobiliza��o de
recursos e da interven��o no terreno. Tal situa��o � paradoxal se tomarmos em conta a
prioridade estrat�gica preconizada no discurso pol�tico : a constru��o da CPLP
(Comunidade dos Pa�ses de L�ngua Portuguesa). Questionando as rela��es entre o Estado
e a sociedade civil em Portugal, este texto procura esbo�ar algumas pistas para a
compreens�o das especificidades dos actores da coopera��o n�o governamental � luz de
uma an�lise com incid�ncia quer na actua��o do Estado, quer da sociedade civil e do
seu capital social e do quadro de valores e atitudes da popula��o portuguesa.
An interpretation of the Portuguese NGOs at the start of the 21st century :
trajectory and dynamics
Portuguese Non-Governmental Development Organisations (NGDO’s) first appeared in the
wake of Portugal’s 1974 revolution during the democratisation process, and received a
decisive boost when Portugal joined the then EEC in 1986. They are varied as regards their
values and origins, but their activities are mainly focused on the former Portuguese
colonies in Africa.
NGDO’s have a low profile in Portuguese public opinion, and although they benefit
from growing acknowledgement by the government, they face difficulties regarding national
support, fund-raising, and their presence in the field. This situation is quite
paradoxical if one takes into account the priority given to the CPLP (The Community of
Portuguese Language Speaking Countries) in the political discourse of Portuguese
governments.
In this paper we question the relations between the Portuguese State and civil society. We
outline the development of Portuguese NGDO’s and suggest some analytical viewpoints
on their current reality. We pay special attention to the discourse and action of the
Portuguese State, to the practices of organised civil society, and to the overall symbolic
framework (i.e. the Portuguese population’s values and attitudes based on the notion
of social capital) in which they develop. |