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Brigitte LACHARTRE, p. 189-208

Angola : les fronts de la société civile face à la guerre
Depuis la reprise des combats de la fin 1998, les fronts de la sociétécivile contre la guerre se sont resserrés, tant en Angola qu’à l’extérieur du pays. Entre le gouvernement et les organisations angolaises (Églises et ONG), le fossé s’apparente à une rupture, tandis que la pression exercée par les ONG étrangères s’est intensifiée avec le lancement de diverses campagnes auprès de l’opinion internationale et l’appel à une application plus stricte des sanctions à l’encontre de
l’Unita. De part et d’autre, l’ampleur des dégâts humains et matériels, mais plus encore, la divulgation des ressorts et dessous de la guerre, suscitent de nouvelles attitudes : les ONG et les Églises angolaises tentent de se regrouper dans un mouvement pour la paix qui prône la réconciliation nationale et la démocratisation du régime en place. Dans la nouvelle phase qui s’est ouverte avec la mort de J. Savimbi en février 2002, la mobilisation de la société civile, sur ces deux fronts, s’avère plus justifiée et décisive que jamais.

Angola : As frontes da sociedade civil face à guerra
Desde a retoma dos combates no final de 1998, as frontes da sociedade civil contra a guerra estreitaram-se, tanto na Angola como no exterior
do país. Entre o governo e as organizações angolanas (Igrejas e ONG), o fosso aparenta-se a uma ruptura, enquanto a pressão exercida pelas ONG estrangeiras intensificou-se com o lançamento de diversas campanhas junto da opinião internacional e a chamada a uma aplicação mais estrita das sanções ao encontro da Unita. De ambas as partes, a importância dos danos humanos e materiais, mas mais ainda, a divulgação dos acontecimentos encobertos da guerra, suscitam novas atitudes : as ONG e as Igrejas angolanas tentam agrupar-se num movimento para a paz que preconiza a reconciliação nacional e a democratização do regime vigente. Na nova fase que se abriu com a morte de J. Savimbi em Fevereiro de 2002, a mobilização da sociedade civil, nestas duas frontes, demonstra-se mais justificada e decisiva do que nunca.

The frontlines of civil society against the war in Angola
With the resuming of the fighting between MPLA and UNITA at the end of 1998, the various fronts among civil society, inside and outside the country, have hardened their positions against the war in Angola. Inside the country, the status quo between the government and the Angolan civil organisations (NGOs and churches) has come to an end. Outside the country, foreign NGOs have been putting more pressure on international agencies, calling for the reinforcement and application of sanctions against UNITA. On both sides, new attitudes have been stirred up by the heavy human and material losses caused by war, but perhaps even more by the exposure of the private and corporate interests sustaining the pursuit of the fighting. Angolan NGOs and churches have joined forces to create a peace movement aimed at bringing about national reconciliation and a real democratisation of the regime. In the coming new phase opened up by the death of J. Savimbi
in February 2002, the role of civil society will prove even more important and decisive, both inside and outside Angola.