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Peter CAREY, p. 255-267

Contester la tradition, transformer la soci�t� : le r�le des femmes dans la transition d�mocratique de Timor oriental
Au moment o� Timor oriental se pr�pare � l’ind�pendance, l’un des enjeux les plus pressants est le r�le qui sera celui des femmes dans le nouvel �tat. Les appels de la part des groupes de femmes n’ont pas encore �t� entendus par les chefs timorais presque exclusivement masculins dans cette soci�t� profond�ment traditionnelle et catholique. Pendant l’occupation indon�sienne (1975-99), les femmes ont souvent eu � supporter les pires violences. S�par�es de leur mari et de leurs fils a�n�s, elles �taient harcel�es et subissaient souvent les viols ou les abus sexuels r�p�t�s aux mains de leurs ravisseurs indon�siens. Toute la question de la r�int�gration de ces femmes victimes des abus sexuels dans la soci�t� timoraise prendra une importance accrue avec le retour des jeunes homes et femmes �duqu�s de la diaspora en exil.
La juxtaposition d’un conservatisme th�ologique, d’une moralit� intransigeante et d’un pragmatisme paysan a servi la cause de l’�glise catholique de Timor oriental � l’�poque o� elle d�fendait les droits des timorais face � l’occupation indon�sienne et au programme de contr�le de la fertilit� f�minine. Mais dans la transition actuelle, le rejet cat�gorique de tout moyen de contraception non naturel par l’�v�que Belo attirera-t-il un tel soutien populaire ? On attend toujours de savoir si l’�glise se montrera � la hauteur du d�fi en jouant un r�le actif dans la r�int�gration dans la soci�t� timoraise des femmes victimes d’abus sexuels, si encore une telle r�int�gration s’av�re possible dans le contexte actuel de la confrontation entre le conservatisme de la soci�t� timoraise traditionnelle (et rurale) et les id�aux lib�raux et cosmopolites de la jeune g�n�ration.

Contestar a tradi��o, transformar a sociedade : a fun��o das mulheres na transi��o democr�tica de Timor oriental
Na altura em que Timor oriental se prepara para a independ�ncia, um dos interesses mais urgente � a fun��o das mulheres no novo Estado. Os apelos por parte dos grupos de mulheres ainda n�o foram ouvidos pelo chefes timorenses pratica e exclusivamente masculinos nesta sociedade profundamente tradicional e cat�lica. Durante a ocupa��o indon�sia (1975-99), as mulheres tiveram muitas vezes de suportar as piores viol�ncias. Separadas dos seus maridos e dos seus filhos mais velhos, eram amea�adas e sofriam viola��es ou abusos sexuais repetidos por partes dos raptores indon�sios. Toda a quest�o da reintegra��o destas mulheres v�timas de abusos sexuais na sociedade timorenses ter� uma maior import�ncia com o retorno dos jovens e mulheres educadas da diaspora em ex�lio.
A justaposi��o de um conservatismo teol�gico, de uma moralidade intransigente e de um pragmatismo campon�s serviu a causa da Igreja cat�lica de Timor oriental na �poca em que defendia os direitos dos timorenses face � ocupa��o indon�sia e ao programa de controlo da fertilidade feminina. Mas na transi��o actual, a rejei��o categ�rica de qualquer meio de contracep��o n�o natural, na opini�o do Bispo Belo, atrair� um tal apoio popular ? Vamos ver se a Igreja se mostrar� � altura do desafio desempenhando um papel activo na reintegra��o na sociedade timorense das mulheres v�timas de abusos sexuais, se ainda tal reintegra��o for poss�vel no contexto actual da confronta��o entre o conservatismo da sociedade timorense tradicional (e rural) e os ideais liberais e cosmopolitas da nova gera��o.

Challenging Tradition, Changing Society : the Role of Women in East Timor’s Transition to Independence
As East Timor prepares itself for independence, one of the most pressing issues is the role which women will have in the new state. Calls from women’s groups have yet to find acceptance amongst the almost exclusively male East Timorese leadership, in a deeply traditional and Catholic society. During the Indonesian occupation (1975-99), women often bore the brunt of the violence. Separated from their husbands and elder sons, women were harassed and often suffered rape and sustained sexual abuse at the hands of their Indonesian captors. The whole question of the way in which sexually abused women are reintegrated back into Timorese society will assume a new importance as educated East Timorese young men and women return from the exile diaspora.
The juxtaposition of theological conservatism, moral toughness and a peasant-born practicality stood Catholic Church in East Timor in good stead when it was standing up for East Timorese rights in the face of the Indonesian occupation and female fertility control programme. In the present transition, will Bishop Belo’s categorical rejection of all unnatural contraceptive methods command such widespread popular support ? But the jury is still out on whether it will really rise to the challenge and play a positive role in reintegrating sexually abused women back into East Timorese society, or indeed whether such reintegration will be possible given the current clash of values between the conservatism of traditional Timorese (rural) society and the younger generation’s liberal and cosmopolitan ideals.