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Peter CAREY, p. 255-267
Contester la tradition,
transformer la soci�t� : le r�le des femmes dans la transition d�mocratique de Timor
oriental
Au moment o� Timor oriental se pr�pare � l’ind�pendance, l’un des enjeux les
plus pressants est le r�le qui sera celui des femmes dans le nouvel �tat. Les appels de
la part des groupes de femmes n’ont pas encore �t� entendus par les chefs timorais
presque exclusivement masculins dans cette soci�t� profond�ment traditionnelle et
catholique. Pendant l’occupation indon�sienne (1975-99), les femmes ont souvent eu
� supporter les pires violences. S�par�es de leur mari et de leurs fils a�n�s, elles
�taient harcel�es et subissaient souvent les viols ou les abus sexuels r�p�t�s aux
mains de leurs ravisseurs indon�siens. Toute la question de la r�int�gration de ces
femmes victimes des abus sexuels dans la soci�t� timoraise prendra une importance accrue
avec le retour des jeunes homes et femmes �duqu�s de la diaspora en exil.
La juxtaposition d’un conservatisme th�ologique, d’une moralit� intransigeante
et d’un pragmatisme paysan a servi la cause de l’�glise catholique de Timor
oriental � l’�poque o� elle d�fendait les droits des timorais face �
l’occupation indon�sienne et au programme de contr�le de la fertilit� f�minine.
Mais dans la transition actuelle, le rejet cat�gorique de tout moyen de contraception non
naturel par l’�v�que Belo attirera-t-il un tel soutien populaire ? On attend
toujours de savoir si l’�glise se montrera � la hauteur du d�fi en jouant un r�le
actif dans la r�int�gration dans la soci�t� timoraise des femmes victimes d’abus
sexuels, si encore une telle r�int�gration s’av�re possible dans le contexte
actuel de la confrontation entre le conservatisme de la soci�t� timoraise traditionnelle
(et rurale) et les id�aux lib�raux et cosmopolites de la jeune g�n�ration.
Contestar a tradi��o, transformar a sociedade : a fun��o das mulheres na
transi��o democr�tica de Timor oriental
Na altura em que Timor oriental se prepara para a independ�ncia, um dos interesses mais
urgente � a fun��o das mulheres no novo Estado. Os apelos por parte dos grupos de
mulheres ainda n�o foram ouvidos pelo chefes timorenses pratica e exclusivamente
masculinos nesta sociedade profundamente tradicional e cat�lica. Durante a ocupa��o
indon�sia (1975-99), as mulheres tiveram muitas vezes de suportar as piores viol�ncias.
Separadas dos seus maridos e dos seus filhos mais velhos, eram amea�adas e sofriam
viola��es ou abusos sexuais repetidos por partes dos raptores indon�sios. Toda a
quest�o da reintegra��o destas mulheres v�timas de abusos sexuais na sociedade
timorenses ter� uma maior import�ncia com o retorno dos jovens e mulheres educadas da
diaspora em ex�lio.
A justaposi��o de um conservatismo teol�gico, de uma moralidade intransigente e de um
pragmatismo campon�s serviu a causa da Igreja cat�lica de Timor oriental na �poca em
que defendia os direitos dos timorenses face � ocupa��o indon�sia e ao programa de
controlo da fertilidade feminina. Mas na transi��o actual, a rejei��o categ�rica de
qualquer meio de contracep��o n�o natural, na opini�o do Bispo Belo, atrair� um tal
apoio popular ? Vamos ver se a Igreja se mostrar� � altura do desafio desempenhando um
papel activo na reintegra��o na sociedade timorense das mulheres v�timas de abusos
sexuais, se ainda tal reintegra��o for poss�vel no contexto actual da confronta��o
entre o conservatismo da sociedade timorense tradicional (e rural) e os ideais liberais e
cosmopolitas da nova gera��o.
Challenging Tradition, Changing Society : the Role of Women in East
Timor’s Transition to Independence
As East Timor prepares itself for independence, one of the most pressing issues is the
role which women will have in the new state. Calls from women’s groups have yet to
find acceptance amongst the almost exclusively male East Timorese leadership, in a deeply
traditional and Catholic society. During the Indonesian occupation (1975-99), women often
bore the brunt of the violence. Separated from their husbands and elder sons, women were
harassed and often suffered rape and sustained sexual abuse at the hands of their
Indonesian captors. The whole question of the way in which sexually abused women are
reintegrated back into Timorese society will assume a new importance as educated East
Timorese young men and women return from the exile diaspora.
The juxtaposition of theological conservatism, moral toughness and a peasant-born
practicality stood Catholic Church in East Timor in good stead when it was standing up for
East Timorese rights in the face of the Indonesian occupation and female fertility control
programme. In the present transition, will Bishop Belo’s categorical rejection of all
unnatural contraceptive methods command such widespread popular support ? But the jury is
still out on whether it will really rise to the challenge and play a positive role in
reintegrating sexually abused women back into East Timorese society, or indeed whether
such reintegration will be possible given the current clash of values between the
conservatism of traditional Timorese (rural) society and the younger generation’s
liberal and cosmopolitan ideals. |