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Philippe
WANIEZ & Violette BRUSTLEIN, p. 499-536
La
g�ographie de la mortalit� au Br�sil
Le Br�sil s’est dot� d’un int�ressant Syst�me d’information sur la
mortalit�, SIM. Les fichiers qui le composent r�sultent de l’enregistrement
� r�gulier et exhaustif des d�c�s �. Pour chaque d�c�s, on enregistre les
caract�ristiques biologiques, sociales, g�ographiques, les circonstances et la cause
principale.
Avec 893 877 d�c�s enregistr�s par le SIM en 1995, pour une population de
161 millions d’habitants en 1996, le Br�sil affiche un taux brut de mortalit�
de l’ordre de 5,5 ‰. Ces chiffres globaux cachent cependant d’�normes
disparit�s g�ographiques.
On observe une corr�lation significative entre le taux de mortalit� g�n�rale et
l’Indice de D�veloppement Humain. Ceci s’explique par le syndrome de mortalit�
de pays moderne form� d’affections li�es au stress, � l’alimentation
d�s�quilibr�e, � la pollution, aux accidents automobiles, � la promiscuit�.
D’autres causes de mortalit� pr�sentent une r�partition g�ographique diff�rente.
C’est notamment le cas des homicides, des maladies infectieuses intestinales, des
maladies infectieuses r�ductibles par des traitements contre leurs vecteurs, et de la
mortalit� p�rinatale.
A geografia da
mortalidade no Brasil
O Brasil possui um interessante Sitema de Informa��o sobre a Mortalidade, SIM. Os
arquivos que o comp�em resultam do registro � regular e exaustivo das
mortes �. Para cada �bito, s�o registradas as caracter�sticas biol�gicas,
sociais e geogr�ficas, bem como as circunst�ncias e a causa principal.
Com 893 877 �bitos registrados pelo SIM em 1995, para uma popula��o de 161 milh�es de
habitantes em 1996, o Brasil apresenta uma taxa bruta de mortalidade da ordem de
5,5‰. Observa-se uma correla��o significativa entre a taxa de mortalidade geral e o
�ndice de Desenvolvimento Humano. A explica��o deste fen�meno se encontra na s�ndrome
de mortalidade de pa�ses modernos formada por fatores ligados ao stress, � alimenta��o
desequilibrada, � polui��o, aos acidentes de tr�nsito, � promiscuidade.
Outras causas de mortalidade apresentam uma reparti��o geogr�fica diferente. Tal � o
caso, principalmente, dos homic�dios, das doen�as infecciosas intestinais, das doen�as
infecciosas combatidas por tratamentos contra seus vetores e da mortalidade peri-natal.
The Geography of
Mortality in Brazil
Brazil has developed an interesting Mortality Information System, MIS. The files which
compose it are the result of the � regular and exhaustive � recording of
deaths. For each death, the biological, social and geographical characteristics are
recorded, as well as the circumstances and the principal cause of death.
With 893,877 deaths recorded by the MIS in 1995, for a population of 161 million
inhabitants in 1996, Brazil has a gross mortality rate of around 5.5 ‰. However,
these global figures hide enormous geographical disparities.
We observe a significant correlation between the general mortality rate
and the Human Development Index. This can be explained by the mortality syndrome of a
modern country composed of disorders linked with stress, bad eating habits, pollution,
automobile accidents and promiscuity.
Other
causes of mortality have a different geographical distribution. This is notably the case
of homicides, infectious intestinal diseases, infectious diseases that can be limited by
treatment of their vectors and perinatal mortality. |
